Fast lenses are those with wide maximum apertures.
F2.8 for a zoom lens is fast.
F2 or faster for lenses from 24mm to 135mm is fast.
F2 for a 200mm lens is very fast and F2.8 is fast.
F2.8 for 300 or 400mm is very fast.
Disadvantages
They can be very expensive.
They can be big & heavy, especially the long telephotos however some of the shorter primes are very small and light.
Advantages
Because of the fast apertures they are great for low light shooting and not just indoors.
(1a) You can even shoot urban scenes hand held, as in this example.
Camera Canon EOS 5D
Exposure 0.04 sec (1/25)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 35 mm
ISO Speed 3200
Exposure Bias 0 EV
Exposure 0.04 sec (1/25)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 35 mm
ISO Speed 3200
Exposure Bias 0 EV
(1b) Or indoors without a flash or a tripod.
Camera Canon EOS 40D
Exposure 0.005 sec (1/200)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 3200
Exposure Bias 0 EV
Flash Off, Did not fire
(2) They are capable of achieving very shallow depth of field (DOF), great for isolating subjects from the background or for creative purposes.
(2a) for creative purposes
Exposure 0.005 sec (1/200)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 3200
Exposure Bias 0 EV
Flash Off, Did not fire
(2) They are capable of achieving very shallow depth of field (DOF), great for isolating subjects from the background or for creative purposes.
(2a) for creative purposes
Camera Canon EOS 40D
Exposure 0.001 sec (1/800)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 100
Exposure Bias 0 EV
(
Exposure 0.001 sec (1/800)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 100
Exposure Bias 0 EV
(
2b) Subject isolation (this case a busy street scene).
Camera Canon EOS 40D
Exposure 0.001 sec (1/1600)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 100
Exposure Bias -2/3 EV
Flash Off, Did not fire
Exposure 0.001 sec (1/1600)
Aperture f/2.0
Focal Length 135 mm
ISO Speed 100
Exposure Bias -2/3 EV
Flash Off, Did not fire
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